SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research is an open access, blind peer-reviewed Journal published by the Scientia Moralitas Research Institute. SCIENTIA MORALITAS is a multidisciplinary journal publishing a wide range of high-quality papers in the field of humanities, education, theology, human rights, economics, philosophy, juridical, political and communication sciences, religion, history, current events, legal and social issues, human behavior and so on. The Journal is registered with the Library of Congress (DC, USA): <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2472-5331">ISSN 2472-5331</a> <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2472-5358">(Print)</a><a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2472-5358"> ISSN 2472-5358</a> (Online) and is published twice a year in both print and online. 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RAIS en-US SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2472-5331 Analyzing Current Debates in Management and Organization Studies: A Meta-theoretical Review and Dialectic Interpretation https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/260 Drawing on concepts from the philosophy of science, dialectically synthesized are academic conflicts grounded in ideological and epistemological heterogeneity in management and organizational scholarship. The presented review and application of the meta-theory of scientific paradigms highlights connections and continuities with prior controversies to delineate, deconstruct, and reappraise current discourses in the pluralistic field of management and organization studies. Differentiating between theories of society emphasizing regulation vs. radical change, and scientific assumptions regarding objective vs. subjective realities, delineates functionalist, interpretive, radical structuralist, and radical humanist paradigms. Subsequent developments have transformed these ontological, epistemological, and axiological configurations into post-positivist (normative, mainstream), interpretive (constructivist, hermeneutic), postmodern (dialogic, poststructuralist), and critical (dialectic, antagonistic) research approaches. Associated meta-theorizing is applied to academic disputes involving critical management studies. Distinguishing degree and location yields four fundamental and foundational inter- and intra-paradigmatic conflicts: 1) the evidence-debate between critical scholars and mainstream functionalists; 2) the performativity-debate within critical management studies; 3) the managerialism-debate between radical structuralists and poststructuralists; and 4) the ideology-debate representing influences on adjacent fields, exemplified by an emerging critical paradigm in work and organizational psychology. Interdependent dynamics underlying these conflicts are framed as fermenting and fragmenting forces, driving paradigm delineation, differentiation, disintegration, and dissemination. The developed meta-theoretical perspective aims to facilitate more self-reflexive scholarship, meaning-making, and knowledge-creation by promoting deeper understanding and more proficient navigation of the organizational literature as an ideologically contested terrain of social science. Theorizing on research paradigms is helpful to make sense of underlying ontological, epistemological, and axiological fault lines. Trajectories of future developments are speculated about with a focus on dialectics between critical management studies and the emerging paradigm of critical work and organizational psychology. Severin Hornung Thomas Höge Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 1 32 Harmony Unleashed: Crafting a Sustainable Future through Entrepreneurial Mastery in Moroccan Family Firms https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/261 This study examines the ways in which certain attributes of family-owned enterprises facilitate their concurrent pursuit of sustainability and entrepreneurial orientations, hence giving rise to a distinct approach to innovation. The research concludes, using semi-structured interviews and an examination of nine creative and sustainable family businesses, that although certain family features encourage exploitation and others promote exploration, others enable both. The study indicates that these attributes function synergistically to fortify one another, facilitating the perpetuation and rejuvenation of family enterprises. The results give fresh perspectives on the distinctive capacity of certain family-owned enterprises to harmonize entrepreneurial and environmental objectives and suggest pathways for extrapolating these findings to companies possessing comparable attributes. Azzeddine Allioui Badr Habba Taib Berrada El Azizi Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 33 47 Enriching Real Estate and Financial Literacy: Exploring Real Estate Use-Cases for Blockchain Technology https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/262 Over the past decades, in Germany, substantial reforms in pension systems have shifted a considerable portion of responsibility for post-retirement income from the government to individuals. As a result, people are now obligated to proactively plan for their future provisions and refrain from delaying savings. At the same time, the problem of solving poverty among older people is a pressing topic. Meanwhile, to achieve an economic edge, a country’s population must be well-educated regarding economic issues, such as securing retirement provisions, evading speculative bubbles, or fostering entrepreneurial pursuits. Proficiency in financial literacy, including real estate investments, enables individuals to access and engage with various financial tools and resources, enhancing their ability to make informed financial decisions and optimize their economic well-being. This paper aims to expand and enrich the current landscape of financial literacy literature. This is achieved by conducting a comprehensive interdisciplinary literature review. First, the given paper offers a perspective on literacy research, particularly emphasizing financial literacy in the context of real estate investments, including equity release opportunities. Real estate literacy is a sub-category of financial literacy with an explicit focus on real estate transactions. The authors then delve into the impact of blockchain technology within the real estate sector, showcasing distinct use cases that pave the way for the future of real estate. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the real estate market, which involves knowledge of equity release options, can fundamentally change and enhance retirement considerations. Gianfranco Marotta Alexander Zureck Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 48 61 Decision-Making Transparency in Public Administration https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/263 Nowadays, increasing citizens’ trust in the authorities that govern us is crucial for the proper functioning of the state. People who are temporarily in public office must serve the public interest. Transparency is an ethical value but also a legal concept, subject to legal rules. In its activity, the European Ombudsman has often been called upon to give an opinion on whether European citizens’ public access to documents was observed. In this context, in the present study, we aim to analyze the legal framework applicable to decision-making transparency in public administration, starting from the specificity of the public power regime governing the public sector activity, meaning that the public interest takes precedence over the private interest. From this point of view, we consider the topic to be of general interest, as it provides information not only for law specialists but also for private individuals who need to know their rights in relation to public authorities. The paper is divided into three sections: section I provides a brief introduction to the subject, section II investigates the national legislation on transparency in the public administration activity, and section III examines transparency in decision-making at European level through the case law of the European Ombudsman. Elena Emilia Ștefan Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 62 66 Examining Discourse of Undocumented Migration and Religious Faith: An Intersectional Approach https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/264 The present study delves into the self-narratives voluntarily shared by Algerian undocumented migrants on publicly accessible social media platforms. It aims to unveil the multifaceted experiences of these migrants, exploring the pivotal role of faith within their narratives. Employing overarching intersectionality theories and critical discourse analysis approaches, these narratives highlight the importance of religious faith in justifying migrants' irregular journeys and shaping their aspirations for a better future, indicating a need to reevaluate its significance in their identity construction. Additionally, the analysis uncovers a prevalent narrative of mistreatment and a deep sense of non-belonging among undocumented migrants, revealing how discourse constructs perceptions of being the Other and perpetuates their marginalization by reducing them to objects of surveillance in host countries. Amina Abdelhadi Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 67 78 Confrontation: Procedural-Criminal and Tactical-Criminalistic Aspects https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/265 In the context of criminal prosecution, confrontation is an important element, particularly relevant for confirming and refuting the various versions exposed during the criminal prosecution. The main objective of confrontation is to elucidate the true circumstances of the case and eliminate significant inconsistencies identified in the previous statements of witnesses, suspects and accused. When the prosecuting officer decides to conduct the confrontation, it is imperative to show confidence in the ability of the participant who provided a truthful statement to withstand the psychological pressure associated with this procedure. The participant in the confrontation must be prepared and immune to any attempt by another participant to influence the modification or retraction of his statement. At the same time, in the phase preceding the confrontation, the criminal investigation officer must develop a strategic plan, including formulating the relevant questions, establishing the order of questioning of the participants and outlining the tactics to be applied within this procedure. Any violations or errors in the conduct of the confrontation can have a substantial impact on the completeness of the prosecution. From this perspective, elucidating the essence of the confrontation not only contributes theoretically, but also holds essential practical significance in the context of the effective and complete conduct of criminal prosecutions. Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș Vitalie Jitariuc Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 79 91 Towards Education 4.0: How Flexibility, Design, Interactivity, and Wellbeing Improve Learning Outcomes. A Real-Life Experiment in an Innovation Laboratory https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/266 This study aims to analyze whether providing design, flexibility, interactivity, and well-being can benefit learners. The deductive research approach is based on a qualitative exploratory design, including a real-life experiment and a survey with 94 participants. The participants completed a new one-week, full-time course in marketing and sales management in a newly created Innovation Laboratory. This study found that providing a flexible environment with design elements such as writable and magnetic walls, mobile sofas and seating sets, chairs, tables and lecterns support interactivity and collaboration. The coordinated use of color concepts and plants can enhance learners' sense of well-being and their ability to learn efficiently, while also promoting future-oriented skills such as creativity, analytical thinking and problem-solving. All this at low cost. Oliver Andreas Meschkat Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 92 103 Policies to Facilitate the Global Energy Transition https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/267 The transition to a green and sustainable economy requires a combination of well-thought-out industrial policy, significant investment and a strong commitment to social justice. Recognizing these imperatives, G7 leaders have taken on these challenges and set out an ambitious plan to ensure that no one is left behind in this crucial transition for the future of our planet. As G7 policies are implemented, emerging differences will be resolved through dialogue, cooperation, coordination and collaboration with international partners to support global decarbonization efforts. At the recent Group of Seven (G7) summit, world leaders recognized that achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement requires concrete and coordinated actions to facilitate the global energy transition. They emphasized that this process will require significant incentives and innovative industrial policies, along with substantial investments from public and private sources. Moreover, the G7 decided at this meeting that together, they will develop policies and practices that promote global trade and investment designed to maximize the use of clean energy and jobs for all states. Also, at EU level, measures such as green trade agreements and international partnerships are essential to reduce emissions and prevent carbon leakage, while ensuring a fair and sustainable transition for all parties involved. Alexandru Petrea Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 104 110 Data Strategy of Banks in a Platform Ecosystem Environment – Evaluation of Opportunities and Risks from the Perspective of Different Role Holders https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/268 Banking today is increasingly taking place in platform ecosystem environments. Many new players are conquering the market and offering compelling banking products that provide added value and user experience. This trend drives banks to participate in this ecosystem, develop new business models, and provide sustainable solutions to their customers according to the holistic approach. However, these far-reaching decisions imply a comprehensive data strategy for banks. This paper evaluated opportunities and risks from the perspective of different role-holders. For this purpose, this paper applied a purely deductive research approach based on previous assumptions. It has a qualitative exploratory design based on structured interviews followed by Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA). The categories and coding used within the QDA were generated through an interview guide. Esteemed experts from the banking, consulting, IT provider, software development, and startup industries were assigned to the three role groups of banks, IT providers, and regulators and interviewed to provide insights and new findings on various issues of data strategy, data exchange, interaction, and data governance frameworks. The research findings shed light on how banks strategically use and deal with data within platform ecosystems to improve the customer experience and create value for different stakeholders, as well as the associated potential risks with banks' data strategy, its categorization, and IT alignment with their business strategy. Understanding how these risks can be effectively managed and mitigated is crucial. Finally, it looked at how banks work with other ecosystem players to create frameworks and standards for data governance that ensure data security, interoperability, and trust within platform ecosystems. Sebastian Voigt Alexander Holland Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 111 135 Harmonizing Public Financial Governance in Morocco: Crafting Innovative Revenue Strategies for Sustainable Prosperity https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/269 This study aims to pinpoint municipalities requiring assistance in bolstering their own-source revenues and financial governance. The analysis underscores the crucial role of diversifying revenue sources, transparent and efficient management, and the implementation of revenue generation strategies in supporting municipal financial performance. Identification of municipalities with high own-source revenue ratios reveals successful practices and effective strategies, offering inspiring examples for those aiming to enhance financial governance. Additionally, classifying municipalities based on revenue and expenditure tiers exposes significant differences, enabling the identification of opportunities for improvement in expenditure management and revenue generation. This study provides valuable insights for local policymakers to elevate the financial performance of municipalities. Zineb Nemmaoui Azzeddine Allioui Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 136 150 From Iron Curtains to Digital Frontiers: Geopolitical Transformations in Central and Eastern Europe amidst the Fourth Industrial Revolution https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/270 This paper focuses on the geopolitical perspectives regarding the spread of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) in Central and Eastern European countries in the years to come. This research paper aims to explore the geopolitical dimensions that are unfolding at the “periphery of Europe” in the context of new technological advancements which are prone to radically change the economic landscape of Europe. Central and Eastern European countries possess unique economic traits making the region worth researching, especially given the disruptive capacities of technological innovation and the eventual proliferation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In light of the war in nearby Ukraine, regional security, cooperation and economic development, represented by organizations such as the EU, NATO, or the Three Seas Initiative, are prone to influence the technological areas as well, with the proliferation of Industry 4.0 representing a central element in the debate alongside changes in terms of geopolitical thinking. Mihai-Răzvan Nedelcu Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 151 160 Levinas and the Faces of Art https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/271 Does art have ethical possibilities? Can literature disclose our responsibility for other people? This short text aims to unfold some nuances of responsible and irresponsible art as they appear in Emmanuel Levinas’s sparse remarks on aesthetics. We examine some common ways of conceiving Levinas’s thoughts in literary studies, followed by a closer discussion of his ideas on the possibilities of art in “Reality and Its Shadow” and his late interviews on Vasily Grossman and Sacha Sosno. Alexander Öhman Natan Elgabsi Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 161 168 The Search for the Self in Augustine's Confessions and Its Relevance to Modern Morality https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/272 Augustine of Hippo is not only a great thinker of the ancient and medieval world but also a landmark of self-search and inner reflection. Modern philosophers such as Charles Taylor recognize Augustine's contribution to the development of the understanding of personal identity in the contemporary context.Through his Confessions, the importance of the search for the Divine has been highlighted and the fact that this search is not only an act of self-discovery but also leads to deep reflections on human nature and on the way sin operates in our existence. The paper explores the moral norms that emerge from Augustine's concept of the "inner man" and their relevance to modern society. Augustine highlighted the paradigm shift in understanding the self in relation to God and divine love, and his vision is necessary in the contemporary context where we see an emphasis on individualism and inner searching. Florin Matei Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 169 178 Restoring Virtue, Reclaiming Freedom: A Thomistic Approach to Addiction Recovery https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/273 Contemporary counseling for people battling addiction confronts a significant challenge due to the widespread misconceptions regarding morality, rights, and liberties that pervade modern society. This lack of knowledge frequently stems from an inadequate grasp of human psychology. Despite the passage of time, philosophers from ancient Greece and Rome to present-day Thomists have consistently upheld the unity of the human body and mind, with their epistemological frameworks solidly grounded in empirical evidence. For a successful Christian approach to counseling addiction, a correct understanding of temperance is indispensable. Emanuel Claudius Nicolescu Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 179 187 The Influence of the Mass Media on the Christian and the Response of the Church https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/274 This paper explores how the mаss media affects the Christian faith and how the Church responds to this challenge. The Church can respond by strengthening the efforts of education аnd continuous formаtion of the faithful regarding the correct interpretation of the faith in the changing context of the mass media. While challenges exist, the Church can respond through а strategic approach, promoting education, developing spirituаl discernment, and actively engaging in dialogue and effective communication. This active response can help maintain the integrity of the Christian faith in an ever-changing media environment. The Church can use mass media to promote its messages and values, using modern means such as podcasts, online platforms, and social networks to communicate effectively with believers and the general public. The Church can also pay special attention to training its leaders to be prepared to address the specific challenges of the media's impact on the Christian faith. Samuiel Bâlc Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 188 200 Apprenticeship Lessons Before, During and After the Second World War, with Relevance to the Context of Contemporary Christianity https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/275 In the context of the Second World War, in which atrocities were committed, Christianity had to take a stand or remain indifferent, protest or not protest, act or not act, suffer, sacrifice or compromise, save one's life at the expense of another's life or lose one's life saving another's life, be a victim or a murderer. These poles are not always taken to extremes, sometimes, there are middle paths whereby the distances are narrowed and therefore these paths are to be recommended. However, the vicious circle of the power of darkness repeats itself at certain intervals in history, revealing that human beings sometimes remain cornered in learning certain lessons. If in the human dimension life is a common good, a priority, and being a disciple of Jesus Christ implies that the life of the other is sacred and the sacredness of life is above all else, in the human-divine dimension expressed by the term conscience, to affect one's life implicitly leads to affecting the divine being itself, so that the expression to annihilate conscience is in fact to annihilate the very presence and participation of God in humanity. Dinu Lăcătuș Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 201 220 Postmodernism and the Crisis of the Paradigm Change in the Christian Mission https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/276 Postmodernism brought about changes that affected almost all aspects of social and religious life. The Christian world's perspective on its mandate to mission all nations of the earth has substantially redefined itself after the 1950s to bring itself into line with the new globalizing mentality. The old missionary paradigm was replaced by a new one, and the consequences at the level of theology, especially Protestant theology, were consistent, often nefarious, and especially affected the church in the long run. One of the new attributes of missionary work and Christian theology, in general, is relevance. It will often decide what the essence and meaning of the Christian perspective is in the face of the great challenges of the world today. This article argues that the church today is facing great and important challenges. Adhering to the old mission paradigms can jeopardize not only its present actions but future survival. Ovidiu Moldovan Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 222 232 “Nobel” for Entire Life Performance https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/277 The linguistic foundation of the term δυναμις (dinamis) comes from the Greek language, positively aspected and used in rendering the meaning of power, dynamics, potential, and ability. Epistemological progress promotes in the patented formula the notion of dynamite, of the same Hellenistic essence, used for the first time in 1866 and attributed to the explosive that is the subject of this study and which belongs entirely to Alfred Nobel. The interest in this invention was intended to be compatible with scientific evolution and technological progress. Generous in many humanitarian and scientific philanthropic acts, Alfred Nobel was paradoxically pessimistic, bitterly ironic, and convinced that his discoveries, instead of contributing to the annihilation of war, would inevitably make conflicts even bloodier than before. The notoriety of Nobel's will is colossal, exceptional and unmatched in its essence and substance. It stands as a symbol of undisputed epistemological power and a dynamic of the most distinguished praxis. Anca Ursache Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 233 241 Jewish Wedding in Romania: Tradition and Modernity https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/278 The Jewish wedding is a complex and symbolic ceremony that reflects a combination of religious customs and community traditions. In ancient times, marriages were arranged by parents or tutors and were considered contractual institutions aimed to ensure the continuity of the family and property. In the Talmudic period, marriage began to be seen more as an expression of love and feelings, and the concept of betrothal emerged. In the Middle Ages, marriage became increasingly religious. New traditions and customs emerged and were meant to reflect the spiritual importance of marriage. This article presents a general description of the Jewish wedding ceremony, focusing on its historical, cultural, and religious aspects, aiming to contribute to the understanding of Jewish bridal cultural interferences and the preservation of Jewish wedding traditions in an increasingly interconnected world. Manuela Georgeta Samida Fazecaş Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-25 2024-07-25 9 1 242 249 Editorial https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/280 From its very beginnings, humanity has developed a natural morality of preserving the human condition on Earth. This moral code has led to the creation of prohibitions born out of the need for freedom and survival. Every human being must exercise the freedom to establish self-imposed limits by refraining from actions that are harmful to oneself, others, or human nature in general. Freedom means to do anything, as long as you do not harm the person next to you, because your freedom ends where the freedom of others begins. The minimum condition for human morality is the ability to make free, rational decisions. The human condition includes having a rational morality, privileged by the fact that we also have a natural morality. Two very important values for morality—love and mercy—are natural and innate. As human beings, we are born with a certain capacity to strive for morality, and whether it develops or not is up to us. Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 9 1 ix x