SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research is an open access, blind peer-reviewed Journal published by the Scientia Moralitas Research Institute. SCIENTIA MORALITAS is a multidisciplinary journal publishing a wide range of high-quality papers in the field of humanities, education, theology and religion, human rights, economics, philosophy, juridical and political sciences, communication sciences, history, current events, legal and social issues, human behavior, ethics and AI in society, and impact of technology on society, among others. The Journal is registered with the Library of Congress (DC, USA): <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2472-5331">ISSN 2472-5331</a> <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2472-5358">(Print)</a><a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2472-5358"> ISSN 2472-5358</a> (Online) and is published twice a year in both print and online. 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RAIS en-US SCIENTIA MORALITAS - International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2472-5331 Front Matter / Table of Contents / Editorial https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/340 Front Matter / Table of Contents / Editorial Editorial Team Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 i ix A Cyberpsychology and Mental Health Dialogue About Digital Personhood https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/341 Digital environments have become central to how individuals negotiate identity and personhood. Yet these environments also generate pervasive pressures to curate success, happiness, and desirability in ways that strain mental health. Building on Derakhshan, Soundararajan, Agarwal, and Crane’s (2024) theorization of personhood limbo among undocumented workers, this commentary introduces the notion of digital personhood limbo to conceptualize the unstable, contingent, and psychologically taxing nature of personhood in online contexts. Within digital personhood limbo, users must continuously manage representations of self, projecting false success, fabricating emotional well-being, exaggerating accomplishments, seeking validation, and sometimes constructing fictive identities, to secure recognition within algorithmically mediated attention economies. These strategies function as a form of personhood anchoring work, analogous to the relational, spatial, temporal, and moral anchoring undertaken by individuals in other liminal contexts. However, they also create significant cognitive and emotional burdens, including stress, anxiety, affective dissonance, and fatigue associated with sustained deception and impression management. Integrating personhood theory, this article argues that digital personhood is increasingly constituted as a precarious and mentally costly condition. KEYWORDS: personhood limbo, personhood, cyberpsychology, on-line behavior, on-line identity, impression management, perception, mental health risks JEL Codes: D9, D83, L83, 033, K38 Darrell Norman Burrell Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 1 17 Restoring Ethical Integrity: A Case Study on Governance Failure, Fraud Determinants, and Risk Management Reform https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/342 This study examines a real-world case of prolonged purchasing-card (P-Card) misuse at NovaCure Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (pseudonym), a multinational pharmaceutical organization, to illustrate how weak governance, fragmented oversight, and the normalization of risk allowed fraud to continue undetected for five years. Using a qualitative case study approach, the analysis integrates fraud theory, systems thinking, organizational culture, change management, and the COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework to explain how the misconduct evolved and persisted. The findings show that unclear accountability, limited monitoring, and weak ethical reinforcement created an environment where opportunity, rationalization, and concealment thrived. The misconduct was eventually uncovered through a whistleblower report supported by advanced analytics. The study translates these insights into practical, evidence-based recommendations for strengthening procurement governance, improving early fraud detection, and rebuilding ethical culture. Overall, the findings offer clear and actionable guidance for leaders in highly regulated industries who are seeking to improve transparency, strengthen compliance, and build long-term organizational resilience and trust. KEYWORDS: Procurement Fraud, Enterprise Risk Management, Governance Failure, Organizational Culture, Internal Controls Amaka V. Orajaka Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 18 35 Building a Sustainable Government: A Contextual Analysis of the United Arab Emirates Government Transformation Journey Using the Tessema’s ‘Pillars of Organizational Transformation and Agility (TPOTA)’ and the Tessema’s Multiple Intelligence Framework (TM https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/343 Over the past two decades, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has executed one of the most comprehensive and sustained government transformation programs in the world, anchored in visionary leadership, organizational redesign, digital innovation, and citizen-centric service excellence. Unlike many nations that pursued technology upgrades without structural or cultural change, the UAE adopted a holistic transformation architecture that simultaneously addressed organizational culture, organizational learning, leadership, knowledge management, and agile mindset, supported by multiple forms of Intelligence. This paper presents a meta-analytical review of how the UAE evolved from a traditional bureaucratic public sector into a fully integrated, digitally enabled, agile, and high-performing government system ranked among the top globally in competitiveness, ease of doing business, innovation, and government effectiveness. The authors employ the Tessema Pillars of Organizational Transformation and Agility framework and the Tessema Multiple Intelligence Framework (TMIF) to analyze the UAE's government transformation journey. The five pillars, Leadership, Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning, Intelligence, and Culture, unified by an Agile Mindset and grounded in Organizational Sustainability, provide a comprehensive theoretical lens for understanding how the UAE achieved systemic transformation. The TMIF framework, encompassing Intellectual Intelligence (IQ), Emotional Intelligence (EQ), Spiritual Intelligence (SQ), Social Intelligence (SI), and Cultural Intelligence (CQ), reveals how these intelligence dimensions operated synergistically to enable navigation of complexity, stakeholder engagement, and sustained commitment across two decades of transformation. The UAE's success demonstrates that sustainable transformation requires not only technical and structural changes but also sophisticated development of human intelligence capabilities at individual, team, and organizational levels. Given the nation's unique multicultural context, where Emiratis represent a minority among residents from over 200 nationalities working in peace, the government created an environment grounded in spiritual values, cultural Intelligence, and social cohesion, demonstrating the seamless integration of people, technology, and process to build a twenty-first-century model government. The analysis reveals that the UAE's achievements resulted from balanced development across all five organizational pillars, supported by high-level Intelligence across all dimensions, creating virtuous cycles where improvements in one area amplified benefits in others. This integrated approach explains why the UAE model proves more sustainable and comprehensive than transformation efforts in nations that neglected human intelligence factors or focused narrowly on single dimensions of change, offering valuable lessons for governments and organizations worldwide pursuing sustainable transformation in complex, rapidly changing environments. KEYWORDS: Government transformation, organizational transformation, Tessema Pillars, Multiple Intelligence Framework, digital government, UAE government, agile mindset, organizational sustainability, cultural Intelligence JEL Codes: H83, O32, L38, M14, O21 Dereje B. Tessema Mohammed Hamad Al-Hajeri Bereketeab Dereje Ayenachew Aseffa Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 36 64 Internalized Neoliberal Ideology and Socio-Economic Precarity: A Qualitative Study on False Consciousness Among the Disadvantaged https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/344 Drawing on insights of system justification theory, this qualitative study investigates psychological functions of the internalization of neoliberal ideology among socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Interviews with nine individuals in precarious life situations and long-term unemployment confirm that respondents widely endorse neoliberal ideological beliefs related to logics of individualism, instrumentality and competition, which contradict their collective social interests. This includes individualistic explanations for poverty and success, rejection of wealth redistribution, introjected labor market requirements, and internalized inferiority. Reduction of cognitive dissonance and appeasement of epistemic and existential motives, such as simplicity, order, control, and safety, reinforce this self-marginalizing false consciousness. To manage perceived existential threats, hybridizations of market-based and xenophobic themes were endorsed, corresponding with theorizing and observations of an authoritarian and proto-fascist turn of neoliberalism. Psychodynamic functions and implications of internalized neoliberal ideology in reproducing and escalating inequalities, social tensions, and political crises are discussed and avenues for future research explored. KEYWORDS: Neoliberal political-economic ideology, system justification, false consciousness, socio-economic stratification, xenophobia and racism Severin Hornung Thomas Höge Christine Unterrainer Lisa Seubert Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 65 92 Mentoring in Law Enforcement: A Study on the Effectiveness of Support for Junior Patrol Officers https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/345 This study explored the influence of a structured officer mentoring program on the behavior and citizen engagement of junior police officers within an urban law enforcement agency, with particular emphasis on the reduction of citizen complaints. Historically, community involvement in addressing concerns regarding officer conduct had been limited, resulting in minimal external accountability and a lack of mechanisms to support behavioral improvement and community trust. In response to these challenges, the investigator introduced a formal mentoring initiative in which veteran officers were paired with selected junior officers to foster professional development and improve public interactions. The mentoring relationships were designed to include consistent, goal-oriented engagement focused on promoting ethical conduct, accountability, and responsiveness to community needs. To assess the program’s effectiveness, the study analyzed behavioral trends, complaint histories, and progress documentation drawn from departmental records, incident reports, and officer logs. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of community policing and law enforcement mentorship, the research examined the relationship between officer mentoring (independent variable) and behavioral outcomes (dependent variable), using qualitative indicators such as field observations, police documentation, and community feedback. The study sample consisted of 40 junior officers and 5 veteran mentors, representing diverse demographic backgrounds. A mixed-methods research design was employed, incorporating surveys, semi-structured interviews, and performance evaluations. Findings revealed that participants in the mentoring program exhibited notable improvements in professional behavior and interpersonal engagement. Notably, the frequency of minor infractions and citizen complaints among mentored officers declined by approximately 25%, as evidenced by internal reports and observational data. These findings support the conclusion that structured mentorship can serve as an effective strategy for enhancing officer conduct and strengthening police-community relations. Hieu Phan Trey Phan Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 93 104 Flight Simulators and the Effectiveness of Transfer of Training in Aviation https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/346 This project involved a review of existing research on flight simulators and transfer-of-training success. Flight simulators are often used in airline training and can also be a valuable tool during earlier stages of training, including instrument training. Simulators provide training for dangerous situations, such as spins, without any risk to pilots. However, to be useful, the skills acquired through simulator training must carry over to actual aircraft. Dozens of direct and related studies indicate that simulators confer a strong transfer-of-training benefit across the board. Some studies have suggested that specific tasks and skills translate better from simulators to real-world situations, while others have shown a more general application. Overall, adverse effects of simulators were not evident. Although motion in simulation is widely perceived as being more effective than simulation without motion, most research does not support this perception. Therefore, both no-motion and motion simulators are suitable for training purposes, and motion is unnecessary, consistent with the hypothesis. Further transfer-of-training research is recommended, especially quasi-experimental research on early flight training, which can lower training costs, facilitate training in recovery skills, and increase safety in training without diminishing any of the benefits. KEYWORDS: flight simulators, aviation simulators, transfer-of-training, fidelity, simulators, high-fidelity simulation, low-fidelity simulation, simulator fidelity, simulation fidelity, motion simulators, no-motion versus motion simulators, simulator transfer of training, simulation transfer of training, aviation simulation Lucas Zarlengo Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 105 125 The Evolution and Future Development of Criminological Forecasting in the Republic of Moldova https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/347 This article examines the evolution and future prospects of criminological forecasting in the Republic of Moldova, presented as a key component of contemporary criminological science and crime prevention practice. The study aims to trace the historical stages of its development—from the absence of systematic methods during the Soviet period and the first attempts at their introduction in the post-Soviet era to current trends associated with digital technologies and international cooperation. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of European integration processes and on the contributions of Moldovan scholars, who have played a pivotal role in shaping a national tradition of criminological analysis. The significance of the study lies in its dual perspective: criminological forecasting is examined both as a theoretical category and as a practical tool for enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement in a context marked by limited resources, institutional barriers, and a complex criminogenic environment. The article underscores that successful progress in this field depends on three interconnected factors: the adoption of modern technologies, the strengthening of the local scientific base, and the intensification of international cooperation. Accordingly, the article has both theoretical and applied value. On the one hand, it reconstructs the trajectory of criminological thought in Moldova; on the other, it offers concrete recommendations for state institutions, law enforcement bodies, and the academic community. The study demonstrates that the integration of artificial intelligence, the establishment of a unified national crime database, and the expansion of international partnerships can significantly elevate Moldova’s criminological forecasting system to a qualitatively new level. KEYWORDS: artificial intelligence, crime prevention, criminological forecasting, European integration, international cooperation, Moldova, predictive analytics, transitional societies Sukhov Vadim Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 126 139 Operationalizing Equity in Urban Redevelopment: A Justice-Centered Metrics Framework https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/348 This article introduces the Justice Metrics Framework (JMF) for incorporating equity into urban sustainability using measurable indicators and a dashboard-based approach for monitoring. Building on research at the intersection of GeoAI, environmental justice, and eco-gentrification, this argument suggests that urban “improvement” should be evaluated through both distributional and procedural justice outcomes, rather than just technical performance. Methodologically, it offers a conceptual and design-oriented framework, illustrated through the Gowanus Canal Superfund redevelopment rather than a complete empirical evaluation. The JMF operationalizes six indicators: an Affordable Units Ratio (AUR) and Local Housing Retention Index (LHR) to monitor affordable housing provision and displacement risk; a Stormwater Burden Mitigation & Storage Ratio (SBMSR) and Combined Sewer Stress & Capacity Index (CSCI) to track how infrastructure changes redistribute hydraulic risk; a Community Participation Score (CPS) to quantify procedural inclusion; and an Environmental Health Burden Index (EHBI) to assess cumulative exposures. These indicators are integrated into an open-data dashboard that combines spatial, socio-demographic, and environmental datasets. The model supports transparency, continuous monitoring, and community oversight, providing a replicable tool for municipal agencies, community organizations, and private developers to assess whether sustainability investments advance or undermine equitable urban renewal. KEYWORDS: data justice, equity metrics, urban analytics, sustainable urbanism, environmental justice, GeoAI, Gowanus Canal Mark Yarish Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 140 153 Exploring the Cyberpsychology and Public Health Risks of on On-line Sports Gambling https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/349 Online gambling has rapidly evolved into a complex public mental health concern driven by persuasive digital architecture, expansive accessibility, and targeted promotional strategies. This qualitative study examined how young online gamblers aged 21 to 30 and addiction-focused therapists understood the cyberpsychological mechanisms and public health risks that accelerate the transition from recreational betting to problematic gambling. The analysis revealed that online gambling operators strategically employed inducements such as “risk-free” bets, bonus credits, and algorithmically personalized promotions that fostered illusory perceptions of control while activating neural reward pathways implicated in compulsive behavior. Participants described how the constant availability, anonymity, and frictionless design of digital platforms facilitated emotional escape, reinforced avoidance-based coping, and masked escalating harm until substantial financial, psychological, and relational consequences had emerged. Therapists emphasized the compounding impact of developmental vulnerabilities, including impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and peer influence, which interacted with cyberpsychological reinforcement schedules to produce rapid-onset addiction trajectories. Regulatory inconsistencies across jurisdictions further intensified risk by enabling aggressive cross-border marketing and inadequate consumer protections. Through thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with five young gamblers and five clinicians, the study illuminated how technological affordances, emotional dysregulation, and sociocultural normalization converge to heighten population-level vulnerability. Findings underscore an urgent need for comprehensive prevention, policy reform, and treatment innovation grounded in behavioral science and public health principles. The study contributes new empirical evidence to guide interventions that address both the psychological mechanisms and the public health structural determinants of online gambling addiction. KEYWORDS: flow theory, on-line sports betting, online gambling, cyberpsychology, behavioral addiction, mental health, public health, operant conditioning, financial mismanagement JEL Codes: I12, I18, D91, L86, K42 Darrell Norman Burrell Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 154 178 Identity, Authenticity, and Digital Influence: A Literature Review on Psychological, Social, and Behavioral Drivers of Gen Z’s Engagement with Social Media Advertising https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/350 This narrative literature review examined the psychological, social, and behavioral drivers influencing Generation Z’s engagement with social media advertising. Interdisciplinary research from marketing, communication, psychology, and digital sociology was synthesized to assess the roles of identity formation, perceived authenticity, parasocial interaction, social comparison, and emotional mechanisms in digital persuasion. Findings showed that Gen Z’s advertising responses were strongly shaped by identity expression, relational trust, and algorithmically mediated social environments. Authenticity cues and influencer relationships influenced engagement and consumer attitudes, while persistent scarcity and fear-of-missing-out appeals contributed to digital fatigue and reduced well-being. By integrating fragmented literature, this review advanced a cohesive framework for understanding Gen Z’s digital advertising responses and offered implications for ethically informed communication strategies. KEYWORDS: Generation Z, social media advertising, identity formation, perceived authenticity, parasocial interaction, social comparison, influencer marketing, digital persuasion Esther Haskins Soumya Sivakumar Jennifer Yang Tony McEachern Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 179 186 Data Breach Risk Management: Examining Impacts, Strategies, and Cultural Shifts https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/351 Data breaches result in realized operational risks that threaten organizational health. Ollaw Health Systems (OHS), a pseudonym for a health system comprising two outpatient clinics and four hospitals, experienced multiple consecutive breaches that exposed Patient Health Information. The impacts left OHS struggling to mitigate the impact on employee morale, sustain operations during incidents, and maintain quality patient care. A narrative literature review was conducted to understand how organizations design enterprise risk management practices that foster a preventative, sustainable cybersecurity culture. The review suggests a bifocal approach, with leaders considering both short and long-term controls. The findings recommend that leaders consider short-term actions, such as managing reputational risk and providing personnel training, while focusing on long-term strategic activities, such as implementing risk registers to build a preventive culture and formalizing the ERM plan within the organization. KEYWORDS: data breach, cybersecurity, enterprise risk management, risk identification Samantha Thibodeau Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 187 206 Organizational Risk Management, CEO and Engineering Team Departure, Knowledge, and Intellectual Property at Risk https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/352 This case study examines the organizational, technological, and competitive risks faced by Touchstone Innovations (THI) following the abrupt departure of its visionary CEO and the core AI engineering team to join a direct competitor, HealthTech Solutions. The exodus triggered critical losses in tacit knowledge, workforce morale, and operational continuity, exposing vulnerabilities in THI’s talent-retention strategies and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) practices. Using the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, the study demonstrates how the loss of unique talent undermines innovation capacity, operational continuity, and market positioning. The paper further examines the impacts on employee morale, stakeholder confidence, and organizational culture. It further evaluates employee impacts, stakeholder repercussions, and cultural misalignment. To address these challenges, the study applies the Kepner-Tregoe (KT) method, the Eight Disciplines (8D) model, the ADKAR and Lewin change frameworks, and the COSO ERM model to propose legal, operational, and cultural recovery strategies. Findings emphasize the necessity of proactive risk management, knowledge institutionalization, robust intellectual property (IP) protection, and cultural alignment to restore resilience and ensure sustainable organizational performance. In doing so, the paper values the need for structured knowledge management, stronger IP protection, cultural redesign, and long-term strategic planning to regain stability and sustain innovation. KEYWORDS: intellectual property protection, knowledge management, talent retention, enterprise risk management, organizational culture, leadership succession, competitive advantage JEL Codes: O34; M14, M12, L86, M21 Erinda Birko Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 207 234 Sacred Resistance and Missional Praxis: Practical Theology in Black Church and Urban Ministry Contexts https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/353 This paper discusses how narrative-based research, in conjunction with practical theology and missional church models, can and should be integrated into the wider circles of Black Church traditions and urban ministry. Using historical and biblical premises, the article elucidates how pastoral theology can be used as a source of refuge to marginalized groups and a stage to promote social justice, healing and community change. Through narrative inquiry, case studies, and ethnography, the study explores how Black Churches move through the intricacies of systemic racism, economic inequality, and cultural upheaval as avenues toward resilience and hope. Results indicate that sacred resistance and community thriving are the outcomes of integrating scriptural values—in this case, values of liberation, justice, and Ubuntu—with culturally responsive ministry practices and creative leadership styles. The article presents a holistic system aimed not only at overcoming systematic oppression but also at boosting economic improvement, social activism and wellbeing. By so doing, it renews the missional identity of the modern church and provides sensitive advice to leaders moving forward in maintaining faith, justice, and transformation within the urban and global contexts. KEYWORDS: practical theology, Black Church, missional church, sacred resistance, narrative inquiry, urban ministry William Triplett Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 235 244 Why Pray? Theological and Empirical Perspectives on a Universal Human Practice https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/354 Prayer carries a unique epistemological and anthropological space at the center of theology, philosophy, and diverse social sciences. Throughout civilizations and traditions—from Abrahamic faiths to Dharmic systems—prayer has remained a universal mode of vital human expression, highlighting a consistent impulse toward transcendence. This paper examines the phenomenon of prayer as an expression that extends beyond devotional practice. Prayer can be seen as an intricate cultural artifact with theological, historical, psychological, and even biomedical impact. With references to a range of scriptures, such as the Lord’s Prayer in Christianity, the Shema in Judaism, and the Salah in Islam, with additional references to cross-cultural analogues in Quaker, Hindu, and other cultures and religions, this paper aims to examine prayer’s structural commonalities and divergences in functionality. The research includes insights from theologians, such as C.S. Lewis, Martin Buber, and Timothy Keller, paired with empirical studies in order to highlight both subjective and discrete results of prayer. By examining Bertrand Russell’s scientistic dismissal of prayer, this paper argues that prayer’s significance cannot be minimized to empirical efficacy; instead, it resides in its core ability to cultivate relationality, humility, and existential orientation toward transcendence. From a larger perspective, the paper argues that prayer’s relevance across temporal, cultural, and ideological boundaries illustrates a universal human need for connection with the transcendent—a necessity that contradicts the reduction to materialist frameworks. KEYWORDS: prayer, theological perspectives, relationality, spiritual practices Benjamin Cha Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 245 252 Divergent Paths to Modern Governance: A Meta-Analysis of Saudi Arabia’s Transformation Journey https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/355 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's transformation under Vision 2030 represents one of the most ambitious national modernization projects of the twenty-first century, characterized by rapid institutional restructuring, accelerated economic diversification, and a digital-first governance model. This study conducts a meta-analysis of The Kingdom's transformation using the Tessema Pillars of Organizational Transformation and Agility (TPOTA) and the Tessema Multiple Intelligence Framework (TMIF), demonstrating how leadership alignment, cultural adaptation, organizational learning, and multidimensional intelligence collectively shaped national reform. The analysis highlights that Saudi Arabia's approach differs markedly from the UAE's more gradual, federated transformation model, offering a unique opportunity to compare two effective yet divergent modernization pathways. The findings reveal that Saudi Arabia integrated structural reforms with human capability development and the expansion of its digital ecosystem, establishing a coherent institutional architecture grounded in Vision Realization Programs, centralized coordination mechanisms, and data-driven governance. Through TPOTA, the study evaluates how leadership, culture, learning systems, knowledge management, and intelligence development supported transformation. At the same time, TMIF illuminates the roles of intellectual, emotional, spiritual, cultural, and social intelligences in shaping adaptive governance. The intersection of the agile mindset and sustainability further demonstrates how national systems can balance rapid change with long-term institutional resilience. Comparative insights from the UAE show that while both countries achieved significant progress in economic diversification, digital governance, and social modernization, their strategies reflect distinct governance philosophies: Saudi Arabia’s centralized, fast-paced reforms versus the UAE’s incremental, innovation-driven evolution. Together, these cases expand theoretical understanding of national transformation and demonstrate how the Tessema frameworks can be applied to evaluate systemic change. This meta-analysis contributes to the literature on public-sector transformation by providing a comprehensive model for analyzing how governance structures, human capabilities, and cultural dynamics interact to produce sustainable national development. KEYWORDS: government transformation, organizational transformation, digital government, Saudi Arabia Vision 2030, Tessema pillars, multiple intelligence framework, digital governance and institutional modernization, agile and sustainable governance Dereje B. Tessema Darrell Norman Burrell Mohammed Hamad Al-Hajeri Ayenachew Aseffa Bereketeab Dereje Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 253 281 Panama Life Health Insurance Case https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/356 This case study explores how algorithmic bias affected stakeholders at Panama Life Health Insurance following the deployment of an AI-enhanced claims processing system. The analysis examines patterns of inequitable outcomes using a grounded theory approach, revealing higher denial rates for minority policyholders and reduced preventive care for women. There are three main reasons for this crisis: structural bias embedded in historical training data, organizational gaps in artificial intelligence (AI) governance, and cultural assumptions that automation is objective. Institutional vulnerability emerged, highlighting AI-driven inequities due to unmonitored automation, weak cross-functional communication, and a lack of fairness controls, which contributed to discriminatory outcomes. The study incorporates organizational change frameworks, such as Kotter's eight-step model and Schein's cultural analysis, which should be used in this case to emphasize the importance of aligning culture, incentives, and ethical imperatives within the organization. This case illustrates how grounded theory can shed light on the sociotechnical dynamics that create inequitable algorithmic outcomes in the literature on responsible AI governance. To restore ethical integrity, stakeholder trust, and operational accountability, healthcare organizations need to follow a structured path. KEYWORDS: Algorithmic Bias, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), Health Equity, Organizational Change Humberto I. Jones Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 282 297 Equitable Access to Healthcare Technologies: A Human Factors Perspective https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/357 The rapid expansion of AI-enabled and digital healthcare technologies has transformed clinical decision-making, service delivery, and patient experience. Yet these innovations continue to intersect with social, structural, and organizational inequalities that restrict access for marginalized populations. This commentary examines equitable access to healthcare technologies through a human factors lens, arguing that equity cannot be achieved through technological availability alone. Instead, equitable access emerges from deliberate attention to the physical, cognitive, social, and organizational dimensions of human–technology interaction that shape how individuals perceive, interpret, and use digital systems. Drawing on frameworks of distributive justice, ecosocial theory, biopower, and fundamental cause theory, the paper situates inequities in broader sociotechnical systems while identifying how design choices, workflow structures, and interface features can either mitigate or amplify disparities. The analysis highlights how misalignments between human capabilities and technological demands undermine trust, usability, and safety, particularly for communities already facing entrenched barriers. By connecting ethical commitments to human-centered and user-centered design practices, the paper articulates a pathway for integrating justice-oriented principles into the development and governance of emerging technologies. This inquiry underscores the need for participatory design, continuous evaluation, and reflexive innovation to ensure that digital transformation advances, rather than undermines, equitable healthcare access. KEYWORDS: human factors, health equity, AI in healthcare, digital health, user-centered design, sociotechnical systems, health disparities, ethical technology design, healthcare access, health administration JEL Codes: I14, I18, O33, D63, H51 Ronald D. Hayes Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 298 323 Vicente Academic Medical Center Case Study: Highlighting Healthcare Leadership's Role in Risk Management and Governance Training to Strengthen Oversight and Strategic Decision-Making https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/358 Healthcare Enterprise Risk Management (HRM) Governance Training enhances the HRM implementation process and boosts oversight and strategic decision-making. The healthcare board's role in implementing an integrated HRM framework, setting strategic direction and risk appetite, and overseeing GRC frameworks should inspire confidence in leadership's influence on organizational resilience and risk management effectiveness, especially amid funding uncertainties. This reassurance encourages leaders to feel capable and motivated to drive change and is more effective when combined with HRM governance training. This case study review highlights that successful HRM implementation, continuous improvement, and risk management depend on engaging and training board members, executives, and risk-ownership committee members (strategy owners, risk-category owners, and functional owners), making them feel valued, responsible, and trained to promote an organizational-wide, risk-awareness culture that maintains and develops the organization's strategic goals and objectives. Preparing key strategic measures (e.g., aligning with the strategic plan, setting risk appetite and risk tolerance, and fostering a risk-aware culture) before launching HRM initiatives helps reinforce their importance and value in the process. A well-trained and engaged HRM board, executives, and risk ownership committee members are more confident in setting expectations for known, unknown, and unknowable risk events. KEYWORDS: healthcare enterprise risk management (HRM), HRM governance board training, HRM strategic decision-making, HRM implementation and governance Noelia Cantu Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 324 341 Bridge Building: How Cross-Sector Collaborations Can Be the Silver Bullet to Address the Cybersecurity Workforce Shortage https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/359 The global cybersecurity workforce shortage presents a critical challenge for national security and economic stability, and under-representation among students of color further exacerbates the shortage. Many collaborative programs have been developed to address these issues, yet inequities persist, and little research focuses on how these programs affect the accumulation of social capital. This article examines how collaboration across industry, academia, government, and community organizations can build pathways to engage and retain underrepresented students in cybersecurity. Drawing on social capital theory, the study highlights how networks, resources, and equity-centered approaches foster opportunities for participation. A review of two initiatives illustrates the value of industry-driven internships, government-supported scholarship programs, university partnerships, and community outreach in expanding exposure and support systems. Findings suggest that multi-sector collaboration not only enhances student awareness and skills but also addresses systemic barriers by building trust, providing mentorship, and integrating culturally responsive practices. The article concludes by outlining policy and practice implications, emphasizing the need for sustained investment in collaborative frameworks to diversify the cybersecurity workforce. KEYWORDS: cybersecurity workforce, diversity, students of color, social capital theory, critical race theory, industry-academia-government collaboration, community outreach, workforce development, equity in STEM Jude D. Joseph Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 342 355 Understanding SME Constraints in Public Procurement: A Capability-Based Synthesis of Barriers and Treatments https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/360 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an essential role in national innovation systems, yet they remain persistently underrepresented in public procurement markets. This integrated narrative literature review synthesizes evidence from a structured review of 430 scholarly articles, including 26 empirical studies that directly examine the structural barriers, demand-side interventions, and supply-side capability supports influencing SME participation. Drawing on the Capability-Based View, the review identifies seven major categories of barriers that inhibit SME entry and competitiveness, along with institutional and capability-enhancing treatments aimed at mitigating these constraints. These dynamics appear across diverse procurement environments and intensify within high-cost, high-regulation sectors such as defense, which functions in this review as an illustrative application context rather than a distinct analytical domain. The review concludes with recommendations for future research, including qualitative multiple case studies and Modified Delphi designs, to advance understanding of capability formation, strategic adaptation, and procurement system reform. KEYWORDS: SME participation, public procurement, defense acquisition, capability-based view, structural barriers, institutional treatments, innovation policy Taylor Herron Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 356 378 What is a Conception about the World and Life? https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/361 The conception of the world and life represents a fundamental interpretative framework through which the human being understands reality, existence and his own role in the universe. This article analyzes the nature, functions and structure of a conception of the world and life, highlighting its determining role in the formation of human thought, values and behavior. The main ontological, epistemological, axiological and theological questions to which a conception of the world responds are discussed, as well as the practical and logical implications of adopting different models of interpreting reality. Throughout the history of human thought, people have constantly sought answers to the fundamental questions of existence: who we are, why we exist, what is the purpose of life and what is the nature of the reality in which we live. The way these questions are answered coherently is articulated in a system of ideas known as a worldview. This is not just an abstract set of theoretical beliefs, but is the foundation on which individuals and communities build their values, moral decisions, social structures, and the meaning of life. Without a coherent worldview, human experiences remain fragmented, and reality becomes disjointed and directionless. KEYWORDS: worldview, human existence, reality, meaning of life, answers Florin Ludușan Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 379 389 The Moral Value of Legal Norms https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/362 This paper argues that the legal phenomenon, driven by practical and utilitarian intentions, constitutes a marginal and subordinate reality, and is thus opposed to justice as a moral value. Attention should be directed toward justice itself, as it carries absolute values, in contrast to the limitations of positive law. Living according to moral principles means to orient one's life toward the good, developing internal dispositions—virtues such as prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance, considered cardinal—which become habits guiding correct, reasoned action toward a good and happy life, in harmony with universal values such as honesty, respect, and responsibility, in order to become a better moral agent. KEYWORDS: charity, right, law, morality, religion, legal positivism, human dignity, state value Simion Belea Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 390 397 Forensic Characteristics of Crime: Concept, Structure and Applicability in Contemporary Criminal Investigation https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/363 The forensic characteristic of the crime represents a fundamental concept in contemporary forensic science, constituting the methodological basis for the efficient investigation of criminal acts. This article analyzes in depth the historical evolution, conceptual structure and practical applicability of the forensic characteristic in the current context of crime. By integrating perspectives from Romanian, Russian, Western and French specialized literature, the study offers a comprehensive view of the constituent elements of the forensic characteristic: initial information, manner of commission, particularities of the perpetrator and the victim, typical traces, criminal motives and enabling conditions. The results highlight the essential role of the forensic characteristic in developing investigation versions, planning the investigation and optimizing the decision-making process within the criminal prosecution. The article emphasizes the need for continuous updating of this methodological tool in order to respond to the challenges of organized crime, cybercrime and new forms of criminal manifestation. The conclusions reveal that a well-structured and scientifically substantiated forensic characteristic contributes significantly to increasing the efficiency of judicial bodies and reducing the time for resolving criminal cases. KEYWORDS: forensic characteristic, criminal investigation, forensic tactics, forensic methodology, criminal prosecution versions. Nicoleta-Elena Hegheș Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 398 411 Moral Personality, Prereflexive Inhibition and the Importance of the Process of Internalizing Moral Values https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/364 This paper aims to highlight the importance of the theory of situational action in criminological research, the description of cumulative risk factors, moral personality and the importance of the process of internalizing moral values. Wikström argues that the moral situation in which the perpetrator finds himself and the criminogenic context influence the process of perception-choice of action alternatives, of the moral decision at the moment of committing the act; acts of violence are therefore moral actions. The perpetrator perceives crime as an alternative course of action. The ordinary individual (socially integrated) does not perceive the crime, does not notice, or even intuit, the alternative of committing the criminal act. This absence of pre-intentional vision should be considered useful in the reintegration treatment of convicts. It is achieved only by internalizing moral norms in the personality of the prisoner. Reintegration represents a reenactment of the moral function. The pre-essentiality of the human being resides in the activation of the moral personality. Prereflexive inhibition removes any form of manifestation of the destructive drive, becomes a psychological barrier, cognitively and emotionally stops the activity of the uncontrollable, instinctive will. In this paper, we analyze from a criminological point of view both sufficient reasons and irresistible reasons in justifying criminal action. KEYWORDS: situational action theory, perception-choice process, prereflexive inhibition, imperative reasons Gabriel Tănăsescu Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 412 423 Alibi in Criminal Proceedings: Between the Guarantee of Defense and the Risk of Obstruction of Justice https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/365 This article represents a complex and multidimensional research of the legal concept of alibi in the context of modern criminal proceedings. Starting from the historical origins and theoretical evolution of the notion, the study analyzes alibi both as a fundamental guarantee of the rights of the defense and as a potential method of obstruction of justice. The research approaches the issue from multiple perspectives: theoretical-conceptual, criminal-procedural, forensic and comparative, examining the legislation and jurisprudence of the Republic of Moldova, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, as well as the standards of the European Court of Human Rights. Special attention is paid to the issue of digital alibi - an emerging challenge of the contemporary era - and the methodology for verifying and unmasking false alibi. The research results highlight the need for a balanced approach that harmonizes the protection of the fundamental rights of the accused person with the imperative of discovering the truth and preventing miscarriages of justice. The article formulates concrete proposals de lege ferenda for optimizing the legal framework in the Republic of Moldova and offers practical recommendations for professionals in the field of criminal justice. KEYWORDS: alibi, procedural guarantees, false alibi, digital alibi, fair trial, presumption of innocence, fundamental rights, forensics, miscarriages of justice Vitalie Jitariuc Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 424 439 Transforming Public Governance in Romania Through Digital Tools https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/366 This article investigates the transformation of public governance in Romania through the adoption of digital tools, using a mixed methodological approach that combines the analysis of the regulatory framework with the empirical evaluation of the main e-government platforms implemented at national level. The research integrates the documentary analysis of digitalization strategies and policies with a comparative assessment of administrative performance and digital maturity. By applying an analytical framework inspired by digital governance theory and European interoperability models, the article highlights the enabling factors and systemic barriers that influence the modernization of the Romanian administration. The results show that, although technological advances contribute to the efficiency of decision-making processes and the improvement of state-citizen interaction, the persistence of institutional fragmentation and the deficit of digital skills limit the impact of reforms. The article proposes methodological and strategic directions for the continuous evaluation and optimization of digital transformation in the Romanian public sector. KEYWORDS: digital governance, digitalization, public administration, public policies, digital transformation, e-government Doina Mureșan Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 440 449 The Meaning of International Humanitarian Law in Hybrid War https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/367 The last decades of the 21st century are marked by escalated military conflicts in different areas of the globe, which have brought international humanitarian law, an expression of humanism, to the center of political-military events. Inspired by the feeling of humanity, international humanitarian law today faces great challenges in terms of the conduct of contemporary wars. Thus, the types of current conflicts are confined to characteristics such as asymmetry, terrorism, and hybridization. Therefore, new combat techniques and strategies have led to a new model of approaching war, the hybrid one. In this sense, the interferences between conventional and atypical tactical elements, irregular with contemporary information tools and strategies, are evident. The context presented leads us to initiate a scientific approach inspired by the question: What is the meaning and role of international humanitarian law in the hybrid war of the third millennium? The aim is to reposition international humanitarian law as a direct and fundamental source within the normative spectrum of humanitarian responses generated by the horrors of war. KEYWORDS: international humanitarian law, hybrid war, legal codification, customary and conventional norms, legal humanism Elena Roxana Vișan Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 450 461 Reforming the Population’s Defense Training in Romania between Current Regulations and the Modernization Project https://www.scientiamoralitas.com/index.php/sm/article/view/368 The accelerated deterioration of the regional security environment after 2014, culminating in the large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, has revealed the structural limits of Romania’s operational reserve. The current regulatory framework, Law no. 446/2006 on the preparation of the population for defense, has proven to be outdated by the suspension of compulsory military service, failing to generate a relevant reserve of forces. Using a combined methodology—doctrinal analysis, comparative analysis and public policy evaluation—one can examine the legislative modernization project that is intended to be adopted in 2025. The study argues that this reform marks a strategic paradigm shift, highlighted by two key measures: (1) the introduction of a basic military training program, on a voluntary basis, financially incentivized (Art. 13¹), designed to quickly generate a mass reserve; and (2) imposing new obligations on reservists and eligible citizens abroad (Art. 8¹). A central thesis of the study is that the legislative process revealed a major institutional tension between the vision of the initiator (Ministry of Defense) and that of the legislature. KEYWORDS: Law 446/2006, military reserve, voluntary military training, Law 270/2015, total defense, legislative reform, Romania, NATO Elena-Adriana Brumaru Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-24 2025-12-24 10 2 462 471