Impact of Police Body-Worn Cameras on Complaint Rates: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

This comparative analysis case study examined the impact of Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) on complaints against police officers in three major urban departments: Seattle, Chicago, and New York. Archival complaint data from before, during, and after BWC implementation were analyzed to assess changes in complaint frequency. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA were conducted. Results showed a significant reduction in complaints after the BWC implementation in Chicago and New York, while Seattle experienced a significant increase. ANOVA confirmed that these differences were statistically significant across departments. Findings indicate that local departmental policies and community dynamics have a significant impact on BWC effectiveness. Practical implications underscore the need for tailored implementation approaches, suggesting that further research into the long-term consequences and specific departmental practices is warranted. Through this comparative analysis of these three departments with BWC implementation, the research evaluates changes in complaint frequency, severity, and resolution outcomes. Drawing on data from these three departments, the analysis reveals a significant decline in complaints following the adoption of BWCs, suggesting enhanced accountability and behavioral adjustments among both officers and civilians. However, the effect varies depending on department policies, community engagement strategies, and the extent of camera usage. The findings underscore the potential of BWCs as a tool for enhancing police transparency and trust while also highlighting the need for consistent policy enforcement and a contextual understanding of local perceptions. KEYWORDS: body-worn cameras (BWCS), police accountability, civilian complaints, police oversight transparency, use of force, public trust, criminal justice reform, policy evaluation, community policing, behavior change, comparative analysis, police-civilian interactions, law enforcement technology, public complaints, surveillance and privacy, evidence-based policing, police misconduct, criminal justice policy